Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: lncrawl-scraper
Version: 0.4.1
Summary: HTTP scraper with Cloudflare bypass, browser fingerprint impersonation, stealth mode, proxy support, and a null-safe BeautifulSoup wrapper.
Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md
Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper
Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/issues
Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper
Author-email: Sudipta Chandra <dipu.sudipta@gmail.com>
License:                                  Apache License
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License-File: LICENSE
Keywords: beautifulsoup,cloudflare,http,scraper,stealth
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.9
Requires-Dist: beautifulsoup4>=4.14.3
Requires-Dist: curl-cffi>=0.13.0
Requires-Dist: httpx[http2,socks]>=0.28
Requires-Dist: lxml>=6.0.0
Provides-Extra: all
Requires-Dist: brotli>=1.2.0; extra == 'all'
Requires-Dist: nodriver>=0.50; extra == 'all'
Requires-Dist: pillow>=11.3.0; extra == 'all'
Provides-Extra: brotli
Requires-Dist: brotli>=1.2.0; extra == 'brotli'
Provides-Extra: browser
Requires-Dist: nodriver>=0.50; extra == 'browser'
Provides-Extra: image
Requires-Dist: pillow>=11.3.0; extra == 'image'
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown

﻿# LNCrawl Scraper

[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/lncrawl-scraper.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/lncrawl-scraper/)
[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/lncrawl/scraper/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/lncrawl/scraper)
[![CI](https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
[![CodeQL](https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/actions/workflows/github-code-scanning/codeql/badge.svg)](https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper/actions/workflows/github-code-scanning/codeql)
![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/lncrawl-scraper)

HTTP scraper with Cloudflare bypass, browser fingerprint impersonation, stealth mode, proxy support, and a null-safe BeautifulSoup wrapper.

## Features

- **Cloudflare handling** - a convincing browser fingerprint (below) avoids most
  non-interactive challenges; managed / Turnstile / captcha challenges are
  **detected** and either auto-solved with a real browser (see _Solving
  challenges_) or surfaced as a clear, actionable exception
- **Browser fingerprint impersonation (on by default)** - a `curl_cffi` transport
  reproduces a real Chrome/Firefox TLS (JA3/JA4) **and** HTTP/2 fingerprint, with an
  automatic fallback to the httpx transport
- **Composable engine** - a middleware pipeline over a pluggable transport
  (`scraper.engine`), so throttling, stealth, proxy, challenge handling, and retries
  are independent, swappable stages
- **Pluggable challenge solvers** - auto-solve via a remote FlareSolverr/Byparr
  service (`RemoteSolver`, no extra deps) or an in-process browser
  (`BrowserSolver`, `[browser]` extra), or reuse a `cf_clearance` cookie solved
  elsewhere via `apply_browser_clearance`
- **Accurate Client Hints** - `sec-ch-ua` / `sec-fetch-*` derived from the chosen UA
- **Stealth mode** - human-like delays, randomized headers, browser quirks
- **Proxy support** - round-robin proxy rotation with Tor integration (`rotate_proxy()` for NEWNYM) and direct fallback
- **Rate limiting** - configurable per-request intervals and concurrency cap
- **`PageSoup`** - null-safe BeautifulSoup wrapper; selection methods never return `None`
- **HTTP helpers** - `get_soup`, `get_json`, `get_image`, `get_file`, and more

## Installation

```bash
pip install lncrawl-scraper   # includes curl_cffi for browser fingerprint impersonation

# optional extras:
pip install "lncrawl-scraper[brotli]"   # decode brotli (br) responses (brotli)
pip install "lncrawl-scraper[image]"    # get_image() support (Pillow)
pip install "lncrawl-scraper[browser]"  # in-process BrowserSolver (nodriver + Xvfb)
pip install "lncrawl-scraper[all]"      # all of the above
```

`curl_cffi` ships as a core dependency so impersonation works out of the box; the
remaining extras are optional and degrade gracefully when absent - without
`brotli`, the scraper simply stops advertising `br` encoding so responses stay
decodable.

## Quick start

```python
from scraper import Scraper

s = Scraper(origin="https://example.com")

# HTML
soup = s.get_soup("https://example.com/page")
title = soup.select_one("h1.title").text          # "" if not found, never raises
links = [a["href"] for a in soup.select("a")]

# JSON
data = s.get_json("https://example.com/api/data")

# File download
s.get_file("https://example.com/file.zip", output_file="file.zip")

# Image (returns PIL.Image)
img = s.get_image("https://example.com/cover.jpg")
```

## Examples

Runnable examples live in [`examples/`](examples/) - run any with
`uv run python examples/<file>.py`.

| Example                                                             | Shows                                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [01_basic_html.py](examples/01_basic_html.py)                       | Fetch a page and extract data with `get_soup` / `PageSoup`      |
| [02_pagesoup_parsing.py](examples/02_pagesoup_parsing.py)           | PageSoup tour: CSS select, attrs, navigation, XPath             |
| [03_json_api.py](examples/03_json_api.py)                           | `get_json` / `post_json` and raw `Response` access              |
| [04_files_and_images.py](examples/04_files_and_images.py)           | `get_file` (streamed, atomic) and `get_image` (Pillow)          |
| [05_forms_cookies_headers.py](examples/05_forms_cookies_headers.py) | `submit_form`, `set_header`, `set_cookie`, `reset`              |
| [06_configuration.py](examples/06_configuration.py)                 | `ScraperConfig`, `default_config()`, stealth, browser identity  |
| [07_impersonation.py](examples/07_impersonation.py)                 | Real browser TLS/HTTP-2 fingerprint via `impersonate`           |
| [08_browser_clearance.py](examples/08_browser_clearance.py)         | Reuse a `cf_clearance` solved by a real browser                 |
| [09_proxies.py](examples/09_proxies.py)                             | Round-robin proxy rotation with direct fallback                 |
| [10_concurrency_and_abort.py](examples/10_concurrency_and_abort.py) | Threaded fetches and cooperative cancellation via `close()`     |
| [11_error_handling.py](examples/11_error_handling.py)               | HTTP, Cloudflare, and abort error handling                      |
| [12_browser_auto_solve.py](examples/12_browser_auto_solve.py)       | Auto-solve challenges with `BrowserSolver` (nodriver)           |
| [13_remote_auto_solve.py](examples/13_remote_auto_solve.py)         | Auto-solve challenges with `RemoteSolver` (FlareSolverr/Byparr) |
| [14_tor_proxy.py](examples/14_tor_proxy.py)                         | Tor proxy with `rotate_proxy()` for a fresh exit circuit        |

## Configuration

Pass a `ScraperConfig` for full control:

```python
from scraper import Scraper
from scraper.config import ScraperConfig, ProxyConfig, StealthConfig, BrowserConfig

config = ScraperConfig(
    min_request_interval=2.0,
    max_concurrent_requests=1,
    rotate_tls_ciphers=True,
    stealth=StealthConfig(
        enabled=True,
        min_delay=1.0,
        max_delay=3.0,
        human_like_delays=True,
        randomize_headers=True,
        browser_quirks=True,
    ),
    browser=BrowserConfig(
        browser="firefox",
        platform="windows",
        desktop=True,
    ),
    proxy=ProxyConfig(
        fallback_to_direct=True,
        proxy_urls=[
            "socks5://torproxy:9150",
            "http://proxy1:8080",
            "http://proxy2:8080",
        ],
    ),
)

s = Scraper(origin="https://example.com", config=config)
```

Or start from the library's tuned defaults and tweak:

```python
from scraper import Scraper, default_config

config = default_config()
config.max_concurrent_requests = 4
s = Scraper(origin="https://example.com", config=config)
```

## Browser fingerprint impersonation

A plain `requests` stack has a fixed OpenSSL TLS fingerprint and only speaks
HTTP/1.1 - both of which modern Cloudflare detects. The `curl_cffi` transport
reproduces a real browser's TLS (JA3/JA4) and HTTP/2 fingerprint, and
**`default_config()` enables it (`impersonate.target = "chrome"`)** out of the box.
Pick a different target, or disable impersonation to force the httpx transport:

```python
from scraper import Scraper, default_config

config = default_config()
config.impersonate.target = "firefox"   # or "chrome124", "safari17_0", "edge", ...
s = Scraper(origin="https://example.com", config=config)

# disable impersonation -> httpx transport
config.impersonate.target = None
```

The spoofed User-Agent family and Client Hints are aligned with the impersonation
target automatically. If `curl_cffi` cannot be imported, the engine transparently
falls back to the httpx transport.

## Solving challenges

Modern Cloudflare challenges (managed challenge / Turnstile / captcha) **cannot be
solved in pure Python** - they require a real browser. The engine detects them and,
if no solver is configured, raises a clear exception (`CloudflareChallengeError`,
`CloudflareTurnstileError`, ...). Configure `cloudflare.solvers` to pass them
automatically: the engine tries each solver in order until one obtains a
`cf_clearance` cookie, then retries the request transparently.

**Remote solver (recommended for servers)** - run a
[FlareSolverr](https://github.com/FlareSolverr/FlareSolverr) or
[Byparr](https://github.com/ThePhaseless/Byparr) container and point `RemoteSolver`
at it. Keeps the scraper itself lightweight (no browser in its image); no extra
dependencies:

```bash
docker run -d -p 8191:8191 ghcr.io/flaresolverr/flaresolverr:latest
```

```python
from scraper import Scraper, RemoteSolver, default_config

config = default_config()
config.cloudflare.solvers = [RemoteSolver("http://localhost:8191")]
s = Scraper(origin="https://protected.example.com", config=config)
```

**In-process browser solver** - drives Chrome via `nodriver`
(`pip install "lncrawl-scraper[browser]"`). Pops up a real browser window for the
user to view/interact with the challenge. Cloudflare detects true headless Chrome,
so use `RemoteSolver` for GUI-less server environments:

```python
from scraper import Scraper, BrowserSolver, default_config

config = default_config()
config.cloudflare.solvers = [BrowserSolver()]
# Optional: persist Chrome profile to skip solved challenges on repeat runs
# config.cloudflare.solvers = [BrowserSolver(user_data_dir="/tmp/chrome-profile")]
s = Scraper(origin="https://protected.example.com", config=config)
```

Both implement the `ClearanceSolver` protocol, so you can plug in your own
(Camoufox, SeleniumBase, a captcha service, ...) by providing an `solve()` method.

> Cloudflare binds `cf_clearance` to the User-Agent **and** the IP/TLS fingerprint.
> When a solver returns clearance, the engine automatically adopts the solver's
> exact User-Agent **and** aligns the curl_cffi impersonation to that browser's
> family + major version, so the reused cookie validates. The one thing it can't
> control is the egress IP - run the solver behind the same IP/proxy as the scraper.

### Manual clearance

If you solve the challenge elsewhere, hand the `cf_clearance` cookie and the
browser's **exact** User-Agent to the session directly:

```python
s.apply_browser_clearance(
    "https://protected.example.com",
    cf_clearance="<value from the browser>",
    user_agent="<the browser's exact UA>",
    cookies={"__cf_bm": "<optional>"},
)
```

## `Scraper` API

| Method                            | Description                                         |
| --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| `get(url, **kwargs)`              | GET request, returns `Response`                     |
| `post(url, **kwargs)`             | POST request, returns `Response`                    |
| `ping(url, timeout=5)`            | HEAD request for reachability check                 |
| `submit_form(url, data, ...)`     | POST with form encoding or multipart                |
| `get_json(url, headers, ...)`     | GET and parse response as JSON                      |
| `post_json(url, data, ...)`       | POST and parse response as JSON                     |
| `get_soup(url, headers, ...)`     | GET and return a `PageSoup`                         |
| `post_soup(url, data, ...)`       | POST and return a `PageSoup`                        |
| `get_image(url, ...)`             | GET and return a `PIL.Image`                        |
| `get_file(url, output_file, ...)` | Stream download to file (abort-safe)                |
| `make_soup(data, encoding, ...)`  | Parse `Response`, `bytes`, or `str` into `PageSoup` |
| `set_header(key, value)`          | Set a default session header                        |
| `set_cookie(name, value)`         | Set a session cookie                                |
| `put_cookie(name, value, ...)`    | Set a cookie on session + jar                       |
| `apply_browser_clearance(...)`    | Reuse a browser cf_clearance                        |
| `rotate_proxy()`                  | New Tor circuit (NEWNYM) or advance to next proxy   |
| `reset()`                         | Clear cookies, headers, and state                   |
| `close()`                         | Abort in-progress requests and release resources    |

`Scraper` composes a `scraper.engine.Engine` (available as `scraper.engine`); it is
not an `httpx.Client` subclass, but mirrors the common verb methods (`get`,
`post`, `head`, `put`, `patch`, `delete`, `options`) plus `headers`/`cookies`.

## `PageSoup` API

`PageSoup` wraps a BeautifulSoup `Tag`. Every selection method returns a `PageSoup` (never `None`); an empty `PageSoup` is falsy and returns safe defaults for all operations.

```python
soup = s.get_soup("https://example.com")

# Selection
soup.select("ul li")                 # -> List[PageSoup]
soup.select_one(".title")            # -> PageSoup (empty if not found)
soup.find("div", class_="content")   # -> PageSoup
soup.find_all("a")                   # -> List[PageSoup]
soup.xpath("//div[@class='body']")   # -> List[PageSoup]
soup.closest(".container")           # -> nearest matching ancestor
soup.parents(".wrapper")             # -> generator of matching ancestors

# Attribute access
el["href"]                           # get_attr shorthand, returns "" if missing
el.get_attr("src", default="/")
el.has_attr("data-id")

# Text / HTML
el.text                              # stripped text, always str
el.get_text(separator="\n")
el.inner_html
el.outer_html

# Navigation
el.parent
el.children                          # List[PageSoup], excludes text nodes
el.next_sibling
el.previous_sibling

# Mutation
soup.decompose(".ads")               # remove elements matching selector
el.replace_with(new_el)
el.append(child)
```

## Development

[uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) is required. Clone the repo and install all dependencies including dev extras:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/lncrawl/scraper.git
cd scraper
uv sync --all-groups --all-extras
```

Tasks are managed with [poethepoet](https://poethepoet.natn.io/):

| Command               | Description                           |
| --------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| `uv run poe lint`     | Run ruff + pyright                    |
| `uv run poe lint-fix` | Auto-fix ruff violations and reformat |
| `uv run poe test`     | Run the test suite                    |
| `uv run poe build`    | Lint -> test -> build wheel           |
| `uv run poe publish`  | Build -> publish to PyPI              |

## Testing

Tests live in [`tests/`](tests/) and run with [pytest](https://pytest.org):

```bash
uv run poe test

# or directly
uv run pytest
uv run pytest -v                   # verbose
uv run pytest tests/test_dummy.py  # a single file
```

Mock HTTP with [respx](https://github.com/lundberg/respx) (a dev dependency) so tests make no real network calls.

## Acknowledgements

Inspired by,

- [VeNoMouS/cloudscraper](https://github.com/VeNoMouS/cloudscraper)
- [intoli/user-agents](https://github.com/intoli/user-agents)
- [lexiforest/curl_cffi](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi)

## License

[Apache-2.0](LICENSE)
